Desk step 1

Cross-sectional testing out-of biomarkers, diet and almost every other fitness exposure factors on the for the-depth CRELES analysis. This is exactly good longitudinal data considering a national attempt regarding citizens out-of Costa Rica old 60 and older inside the 2005, with oversampling of the oldest old (Rosero-Bixby ainsi que al. 2010). The new questionnaire was conducted during the a beneficial subsample of almost step 3,000 somebody, and 350 out of Nicoya, removed regarding attempt included in the aforementioned mortality analysis. Individuals were went to three times in the menstruation of approximately two years to have household interview to collect information about wellness, socio-economic reputation, lifestyles and you can lives movement occurrences mostly in the period 2005–2009. This new questionnaire integrated real assessments beautiful Baltican women (particularly, hypertension, anthropometry, show and you will intellectual tests) and collection of urine and fast blood. Nicoya differences was estimated to possess nine groups of 18 biomarkers:

Metabolic evidence: Fasting glucose; glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Cardiovascular: Diastolic hypertension (BP); systolic BP. Lipids: Triglycerides; total/HDL cholesterol ratio. Stress: pee cortisol; dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS); leukocyte telomere size. Inflammation: C-activated protein (CRP). Organ-specific setting reserve: gel creatinine; handgrip stamina. Nutrition: Leg top; body-size index (BMI); hips width. Functionality: Affairs regarding everyday life (ADL) handicap size predicated on 14 products. Mental health: intellectual micro-mental rating; Yesavage geriatric depression take to.

This investigation used recommendations from the very first and 2nd CRELES swells, since the 3rd wave failed to accumulated biological specimens. Take to types for almost all biomarkers go for about 5,000 observations, also 600 for Nicoya. Conditions try leukocyte telomere length, that has been counted in only a great subsample of around 1,000 observations, eight hundred regarding Nicoya (Rehkopf et al. 2013 impending), cortisol (2,200 findings) mentioned in the 1st revolution merely, and you will geriatric despair (3,800 findings) that was not mentioned in about twenty five% of the take to requiring a proxy respondent.

Consumption off fifteen macronutrients has also been read. CRELES projected mineral intake of information on volume regarding usage (and you may serving sizes) out-of twenty-seven tracer foods while the discussed someplace else (Rosero-Bixby et al. 2010). Try dimensions inside studies try more than eight,000 findings-900 regarding Nicoya-on the three surf off CRELES.

Getting comparison intentions, biomarkers and you will macronutrients in which normalised so you can suggest zero and you may practical deviation of 1. We utilized regression patterns on the normalised parameters interesting (an excellent biomarker otherwise a nutrient) in order to guess the new ‘Nicoya effect’ since regression coefficient out-of an effective dummy changeable having house from inside the Nicoya. The effects is actually mentioned due to the fact change in standard deviations relevant with residence during the Nicoya. To manage to possess confounding effects, the regression models integrated manage details to possess survey revolution, many years (continuous single year and you may squared), sex and you can affairs between sex and you will years and you can Nicoya. Powerful prices out-of practical problems of your own regression coefficients are utilized to take into account the fresh new clustering out-of findings inside the same personal.

This new available try size enables recognition away from variations (Nicoya compared to. almost every other residence) in the order of 0.dos S.D. or even more with an analytical energy out of 0.8 or differences with a minimum of 0.25 from inside the sex-stratified analyses. Regrettably, it does not enable it to be success analyses of Nicoya impression which have sufficient mathematical stamina. Proportional possibilities patterns you will definitely select Hours 0.70 (Nicoya/other) with 0.80 mathematical stamina; if the stratified from the sex, the newest noticeable Time is actually 0.six that have good 0.77 stamina.

The values of some key wellness things, including puffing otherwise health coverage properties, are also opposed anywhere between Nicoya as well as the other countries in the nation utilizing the suggestions regarding about three CRELES surf.

dos.1 Authenticity of mortality rates

Validity from mortality prices having Costa Rica and you will Nicoya rest towards the precision of your own information about age as well as on the entire membership of all of the fatalities from the one or two longitudinal database we learned.